The Essential Parts of Speech - Nouns, Pronouns, Determiners and Verbs
We have looked at Nouns, Verbs and Determiners before. In this Chapter, we introduce Pronouns. With a minimal vocabulary of Nouns, Determiners, Pronouns and Verbs, we will look at examples of sentence structure.
Pronouns
You can use a Pronoun to replace a Noun in Subject or Object Phrases. So instead of saying "Jack went up the hill" you could say "He went up the hill" if it is known that the "he" refers to "Jack."Pronoun -a word that can function by itself as a noun phrase and that refers either to the participants in the discourse (e.g. I, you) or to someone or something mentioned elsewhere in the discourse (e.g. he/she, it, this) I, you, we, he/she, it, this
We can now add the Pronoun Rule.
Pronoun Rule
A Pronoun can replace a Noun in a Subject or Object Phrase
Starter Vocabulary - Pronouns, Nouns & Verbs
Pronouns
You will usually be the "Subject" of your conversations. We will use the Pronouns for "I", "you" and "we" in many of the sentences we will form.English | Bangla |
---|---|
I | আমি ami |
you | তুমি tumi |
we | আমরা amora |
Sometimes you will see a respectful form of "you" as আপনি (aponi) and a familiar form of "you" as তুই (tui). For now, we will stick with the normal form.
Nouns
English | Bangla |
---|---|
home | বাড়ি baRi |
pictures | ছবি chhobi |
rice | ভাত bhat |
sari | শাড়ি shaRi |
Verbs
The next few words are commonly used verbs. Let us take four that are most commonly needed-go, see, eat and give.In Bangla, the root verbs are slightly modified based on usage in the first(I), second(you) or third (they) person. So, "I go" is slightly different than "you go". You will see the pattern in the 4 verbs we have selected:
Root Verb go » যাওয়া JaOya | |||
Past Tense | Present Tense | Future Tense | |
First Person | গিয়েছি giyechhi |
যাচ্ছি Jachchhi |
যাব Jabo |
Second Person | গিয়েছিলে giyechhile |
যাচ্ছো JachchhO |
যাবে Jabe |
Third Person | গিয়েছে giyechhe |
যাচ্ছে Jachchhe |
যাবে Jabe |
Root Verb see » দেখা dekha | |||
Past Tense | Present Tense | Future Tense | |
First Person | দেখেছি dekhechhi |
দেখছি dekhochhi |
দেখব dekhobo |
Second Person | দেখেছিলে dekhechhile |
দেখছো dekhochhO |
দেখবে dekhobe |
Third Person | দেখেছে dekhechhe |
দেখছে dekhochhe |
দেখবে dekhobe |
Root Verb eat » খাওয়া khaOya | |||
Past Tense | Present Tense | Future Tense | |
First Person | খেয়েছি kheyechhi |
খাচ্ছি khachchhi |
খাব khabo |
Second Person | খেয়েছিলে kheyechhile |
খাচ্ছো khachchhO |
খাবে khabe |
Third Person | খেয়েছে kheyechhe |
খাচ্ছে khachchhe |
খাবে khabe |
Root Verb give » দেওয়া deOya | |||
Past Tense | Present Tense | Future Tense | |
First Person | দিয়েছি diyechhi |
দিচ্ছি dichchhi |
দেব debo |
Second Person | দিয়েছিলে diyechhile |
দিচ্ছো dichchhO |
দেবে debe |
Third Person | দিয়েছে diyechhe |
দিচ্ছে dichchhe |
দেবে debe |
You may notice that all the selected root verbs end in vowel sounds. For these verbs, the first person, future tense all end with the "bo" sound. The second person, future tense all end with the "be" sound. We will look at Verbs in much more detail in Chapter 5.
Making Complete Sentences
Now we can put a complete sentence together from the Rules we have learnt. The Bangla sentences have a Subject, an Object and a Verb. They are in a Subject-Object-Verb sequence. They use Nouns, Pronouns and Verbs as introduced above.Noun Phrases & Verbs
English | Bangla |
---|---|
I want to go home. | আমি বাড়ি যাব। ami baRi Jabo. |
Do you want to go home? | তুমি বাড়ি যাবে? tumi baRi Jabe? |
We want to go home. | আমরা বাড়ি যাব। amora baRi Jabo. |
I want to see pictures. | আমি ছবি দেখব। ami chhobi dekhobo. |
Do you want to see pictures? | তুমি ছবি দেখবে? tumi chhobi dekhobe? |
I want to eat rice. | আমি ভাত খাব। ami bhat khabo. |
Do you want to eat rice? | তুমি ভাত খাবে? tumi bhat khabe? |
I want to give saris. | আমি শাড়ি দেব। ami shaRi debo. |
Do you want to give saris? | তুমি শাড়ি দেবে? tumi shaRi debe? |