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Pronunciation of Bangla Alphabet
The Bangla Alphabet
Bangla has 11 vowels and 39 consonants. When vowels are used to change the pronunciation of a consonant, the vowel is replaced by its vowel sign or diacritic.
Each letter in Bangla has a corresponding sound. I have represented the Bangla letters with 1 to 3 letters in English which correspond most closely to the way the letter is pronounced. This is called the Phonetic Scheme and is used throughout this site.
সুবর্ণ suborNo Two-way Phonetic Transliteration Table used on this Site
The complete Phonetic Table is shown below.
Vowels
অ o 0
আ a 1
ই i 2
ঈ I 3
উ u 4
ঊ U 5
ঋ rri 6
এ e 7
ঐ OI 8
ও O 9
ঔ OU 10
Consonants
ক k 11
খ kh 12
গ g 13
ঘ gh 14
ঙ Ng 15
চ ch 16
ছ chh 17
জ j 18
ঝ jh 19
ঞ NG 20
ট T 21
ঠ Th 22
ড D 23
ঢ Dh 24
ণ N 25
ত t 26
থ th 27
দ d 28
ধ dh 29
ন n 30
প p 31
ফ ph,f 32
ব b,w 33
ভ bh,v 34
ম m 35
য J,Y 36
র r 37
ল l 38
শ sh 39
ষ Sh 40
স s 41
হ h 42
য় y 43
ড় R 44
ঢ় Rh 45
ৎ t^ 46
ং ng 47
ঃ H^ 48
ঁ n^ 49
Vowels
The Bangla alphabet has 11 vowels in common usage. All vowels, except the first vowel have a corresponding vowel sign or diacritic.
Vowels are usually studied in pairs as shown below.
Vowels and Vowel Signs - অ/ and আ/া
Letter
অ/
আ/া
Phonetic
o
a
Sounds Like:
on
Aadvark
Play Sound
The first vowel অ is called the inherent vowel in Bangla and does not have a corresponding vowel sign like the other 10 vowels. The sound of অ is like the "o" in "on" or "off".
All consonants in Bangla are pronounced as if they had a "o" sound at the end. So the first Consonant
ক(k) will sound like "ko".
Words with Letter অ + আ
Words with Letter অ
অত [oto] => that much অজ [ojo] => goat অবশ [obosh] => weak অটল [oTol] => unwavering, steady অতল [otol] => unlimited depth;unfathomable অতি [oti] => excessively
Words with Letter আ
আজ [aj] => today আর [ar] => and আট [aT] => eight আম [am] => mango আয় [ay] => income আঁচ [an^ch] => ignite
Vowels and Vowel Signs - ই/ি and ঈ/ী
Letter
ই/ি
ঈ/ী
Phonetic
i
I
Sounds Like:
hit
skiing
Play Sound
ই is called the short "i" (hroswo-i) and the letter ঈ is the long "i" (dIrgho-i).
In modern Bangla usage, the short and long forms have similar pronunciation. These vowels are shown here because they are still used in spelling Bangla words.
Words with Letter ই + ঈ
Words with Letter ই
ইট [iT] => brick ইশ [ish] => expression like "oh God" ইতি [iti] => end ইতর [itor] => lowly
Words with Letter ঈ
ঈগল [Igol] => eagle ঈর্ষা [IrSha] => envy ঈশ্বর [Ishwor] => God ঈপ্সিত [Ipsito] => desired/longed for
Vowels and Vowel Signs - উ/ু and ঊ/ূ
Letter
উ/ু
ঊ/ূ
Phonetic
u
U
Sounds Like:
put
vacuum
Play Sound
উ and ঊ represent the short and long "u" sound, respectively.
In modern Bangla usage, the short and long forms have similar pronunciation. These vowels are shown here because they are still used in spelling Bangla words.
এল [elo] => came এক [ek] => one, a এই [ei] => this
Words with Letter ঐ
ঐ [OI] => those/that ঐক্য [OIkYo] => unity;accord ঐটুকু [OITuku] => this little bit ঐতিহ্য [OItihJo] => heritage, tradition ঐক্যমত [OIkYomoto] => consensus ঐচ্ছিক [OIchchhik] => additional, optional ঐশ্বর্য [OIshworJo] => riches ঐতিহাসিক [OItihasik] => historic; historical
Vowels and Vowel Signs - ও/ো and ঔ/ৌ
Letter
ও/ো
ঔ/ৌ
Phonetic
O
OU
Sounds Like:
most
go+huge
Play Sound
The letter ঔ is a dipthong.
Words with Letter ও + ঔ
Words with Letter ও
ও [O] => he/she ও [O] => and ওই [Oi] => yon ওর [Or] => his/her ওম [Om] => Om, sacred Hindu Sanskrit chant ওক [Ok] => oak ওল [Ol] => a plant ওহে [Ohe] => hey, hi ওগো [OgO] => hey ওঠে [OThe] => gets up
There are 35 consonants and 4 consonant signs in common usage.
The consonant letters are pronounced as if they ended with the inherent vowel "o" (as in the sound of the "o" in "on" or "off"). So the letter ক (k) sounds like "ko".
There is a logic to the grouping of the letters, each set having a sound that emanates from the mouth with a different combination of the throat (guttural), palate (palatal), tongue (cerebral), teeth (dental) and lips(labial).
The first 25 consonants are grouped in sets of 5 letters in the order shown.
Gutturals - in the throat
ক খ গ ঘ ঙ(k kh g gh Ng).
Letter
ক
খ
গ
ঘ
ঙ
Phonetic
k
kh
g
gh
Ng
Sounds Like:
skin
khaki
go
ghetto
king
Play Sound
The first ক and third গ letters are pronounced normally, while the second খ and fourth ঘ are pronounced aspirated (as if with a puff of breath). The last letter ঙ is pronounced nasally.
Words with Letter ক + খ
Words with Letter ক
কর [kor] => do, tax কম [kom] => less কত [koto] => how much কি [ki] => what? কই [koi] => a kind of fish কি [ki] => what কীট [kIT] => insect
The first চ and third জ letters are pronounced normally, while the second ছ and fourth ঝ are pronounced aspirated (as if with a puff of breath). The last letter ঞ is pronounced nasally.
Words with Letter চ + ছ
Words with Letter চ
চড় [choR] => slap চর [chor] => sand banks in a water body চা [cha] => tea চাদ [chad] => chad
জো [jO] => opportunity জল [jol] => water জের [jer] => result জেদ [jed] => obstinacy
Words with Letter ঝ
ঝড় [jhoR] => storm ঝাপ [jhap] => to dive ঝলক [jholok] => sudden flash ঝাউ [jhau] => a tree, tamarisk ঝাল [jhal] => acrid, spicy hot ঝুল [jhul] => soot, trash ঝলমল [jholomol] => gleam, sparkle ঝাড়া [jhaRa] => to empty, to offload
Words with Letter ঞ
Words with Letter ঞ
মঞ্চ [moNGcho] => platform পঞ্চ [poNGcho] => five অজ্ঞ [ojNGo] => ignorant যজ্ঞ [JojNGo] => a sacrifice বিজ্ঞ [bijNGo] => learned, experienced পঞ্চম [poNGchom] => fifth অঞ্চল [oNGchol] => area, region
Cerebrals - with the tongue bent back on the roof of the mouth
ট ঠ ড ঢ ণ(T Th D Dh N).
Letter
ট
ঠ
ড
ঢ
ণ
Phonetic
T
Th
D
Dh
N
Sounds Like:
token
whittle
dive
adhere
noise
Play Sound
The first ট and third ড letters are pronounced normally, while the second ঠ and fourth ঢ are pronounced aspirated (as if with a puff of breath). The last letter ণ is pronounced nasally.
Words with Letter ট + ঠ
Words with Letter ট
টক [Tok] => sour, acid টাক [Tak] => bald টান [Tan] => pull টিন [Tin] => tin
Words with Letter ঠ
ঠিক [Thik] => right ঠোট [ThOT] => lips ঠায় [Thay] => motionless ঠেলে [Thele] => shove, push ঠাসা [Thasa] => stuffed ঠকান [Thokan] => deceive ঠোঁট [ThOn^T] => lip ঠোঙা [ThONga] => a container or made of paper/leaves ঠিকমত [Thikomoto] => correctly
Words with Letter ড + ঢ
Words with Letter ড
ডজন [Dojon] => dozen ডাল [Dal] => pulse ডান [Dan] => right ডিন [Din] => dean ডাক [Dak] => call
Words with Letter ঢ
ঢের [Dher] => many ঢাক [Dhak] => drum ঢোক [DhOk] => gulp ঢিল [Dhil] => roundish lump of stone, brick, clay ঢাল [Dhal] => armor, slope ঢেউ [Dheu] => wave, tide ঢোল [DhOl] => drum ঢোকা [DhOka] => to enter ঢালা [Dhala] => to pour
The first ত and third দ letters are pronounced normally, while the second থ and fourth ধ are pronounced aspirated (as if with a puff of breath). The last letter ন is pronounced nasally.
Words with Letter ত + থ
Words with Letter ত
তত [toto] => to that amount or extent তল [tol] => bottom তার [tar] => its, her, him তরফ [toroph] => on behalf of তীর [tIr] => arrow, shore তথা [totha] => hence তাস [tas] => cards
Words with Letter থ
থিম [thim] => theme থেকে [thek] => from, since থলি [tholi] => bag থাক [thako] => have/remain থলে [thole] => bag, sack থর [thor] => layer, stratum
Words with Letter দ + ধ
Words with Letter দ
দর [dor] => value দু [du] => two দম [dom] => breath, stamina দল [dol] => team, group দশ [dosh] => ten দায় [day] => obligation দীপ [dIp] => lamp দূত [dUt] => ambassador
নৌ [nOU] => naval নত [noto] => bowed, head lowered নয় [noy] => nine না [na] => no, not নখ [nokh] => nail নব [nob] => new/young নল [nol] => tube নট [noT] => actor নদ [nod] => river নবম [nobom] => ninth
Labials - on the lips
প ফ ব ভ ম(p ph,f b,w bh,v m).
Letter
প
ফ
ব
ভ
ম
Phonetic
p
ph,f
b,w
bh,v
m
Sounds Like:
pauper
cipher
boy
abhorrent
mother
Play Sound
The first প and third ব letters are pronounced normally, while the second ফ and fourth ভ are pronounced aspirated (as if with a puff of breath). The last letter ম is pronounced nasally.
Words with Letter প + ফ
Words with Letter প
পড় [poRo] => read পর [por] => after পণ [poN] => wager পপ [pop] => pop পা [pa] => leg পথ [poth] => way, route
Words with Letter ফ
ফল [phol] => fruit, result ফলে [phole] => as a result ফের [pher] => again ফটো [phoTO] => photo ফসল [phosol] => crops
Words with Letter ব + ভ
Words with Letter ব
বন [bon] => forest, woods বল [bolo] => tell, say বউ [bou] => wife বই [boi] => book বক [bok] => heron বড় [boRo] => big বর [bor] => husband
Words with Letter ভ
ভয় [bhoy] => fear ভিন্ন [bhin] => separate, different ভান [bhan] => to pretend ভরা [bhora] => full ভীত [bhIto] => afraid, scared ভোজ [bhOj] => feast ভুল [bhul] => error, wrong
These three letters are representations of the "s" sound. All three forms are pronounced similarly today, but the separate letters are artifacts from Bangla's Sanskrit roots.
ষাট [ShaT] => sixty ষোল [ShOl] => sixteen ষষ্ঠ [ShoShTho] => sixth ষাঁড় [Shan^R] => bull ষোলো [ShOlO] => sixteen ষুগের [Shuger] => sp: genitive of যুগ – era ষড়বর্গ [ShoRoborgo] => the six senses (including the mind), the six mental enemies ষড়যন্ত্র [ShoRoJontro] => conspiracy
Words with Letter স
Words with Letter স
সম [som] => same, equal সে [se] => he/she সৎ [sot^] => honest, truthful সড় [soR] => intrigue, conspiracy সই [soi] => signature সহ [soho] => with, including সন [son] => year সব [sob] => all
Semi-Vowels - letters sometimes used as vowels
য র ল হ য় ড় ঢ়(J,Y r l h y R Rh).
Letter
য
র
ল
Phonetic
J,Y
r
l
Sounds Like:
joy
right
lady
Play Sound
Letter
হ
য়
ড়
ঢ়
Phonetic
h
y
R
Rh
Sounds Like:
hole
happy
rhythm
arrhythmia
Play Sound
These letters are sometimes used as vowels especially when combined with other consonants. The three "ro's" র ড় ঢ়(r R Rh) sound similar in common modern usage and are separately retained for historical reasons from Bangla's Sanskrit origin.
Words with Letter য + র
Words with Letter য
যা [Ja] => what, whether যে [Je] => that, those যত [Joto] => as যব [Job] => barley যমজ [Jomoj] => twin যুগ [Jug] => epoch, era যথা [Jotha] => viz যোগ [JOg] => add, addition, sum
When two consonants occur one after the other, they are known as Compound Consonants. You have already seen what the individual consonants sound like.
Let us take the Bangla word
প্রিয় (priyo) = dear, beloved.
You can see that this word is made up of প+র+ই+য়+অ (p+r+i+y+o). The software for the phonetic scheme that is used here takes care of showing the compound consonant p+r and the substitution of the vowel diacritic for ই.
The compound consonant প+র = প্র looks different than the two original consonants, but the sound of the compound consonants is similar to the two consonants spoken in quick succession.
There are 3 exceptions when the letters change their pronounced sounds when in a Compound Consonant.
When স (s) = Letter Donte-so is the first letter in a Compound Consonant
Normally all three so sounds in Bangla sound the same and the sound is a soft s as in "show". If the second letter of the Compound Consonant is one of (ট,ত,থ,ন,র) ((T,t,th,n,r)), then the hard s as in song. This is mainly due to the second consonant sound affecting the full sound of the dirst consonamt.
Some examples of the exceptions are shown below.
Num
Bangla Word
Phonetic
English
1
টেস্ট
Tes‧T
test
2
পেস্ট
pes‧T
paste
3
প্লাস্টিক
plas‧Tik
plastic
4
অস্তিত্ব
o‧s‧tit‧wo
existence
5
ইস্তফা
is‧to‧pha
resignation
6
উদ্বাস্তু
ud‧was‧tu
refugee
7
কিস্তি
kis‧ti
installment
8
অনুপস্থিত
onu‧pos‧thit
absence
9
অবস্থা
obos‧tha
conditions;state;
10
অসুস্থ
o‧sus‧tho
ill; sick
11
জোৎস্না
jOt^s‧na
moonlight
12
স্নান
snan
bath
13
স্নেহ
sneho
affection; love
14
হিংস্র
hings‧ro
ferocious; violent
15
সহস্র
so‧hos‧ro
innumerable; countless
16
স্রোত
srOt
stream; rush of current
When ব (b) is the second letter in a Compound Consonant (b-Phola)
Consonant + ব is pronounced as Consonant + wo when first Consonant is ছ, জ, ত, দ, ধ, স, শ
Num
Bangla Word
Phonetic
English
1
আনন্দোচ্ছ্বাস
anon‧dOch‧chhwas
mirth
2
জ্বালা
jwa‧la
to light; burning sensation
3
জ্বর
jwor
fever
4
দায়িত্ব
dayit‧wo
responsibility
5
রাজত্ব
rajot‧wo
power; reign
6
মহত্ত্ব
mo‧hot‧two
excellence
7
দ্বৈত্ব
dwOIt‧wo
dual
8
দ্বন্দ
dwon‧do
conflicts
9
দ্বিমুখী
dwi‧mu‧khI
bidirectional; twosided
10
দ্বিতীয়ত
dwi‧tIyoto
secondly
11
ধ্বনি
dhwo‧ni
sound
12
হর্ষধ্বনি
hor‧Shodh‧wo‧ni
acclamation
13
ধ্বংস
dhwong‧so
destruction
14
স্বভাব
swo‧bhab
habit
15
স্বাগত জানানো
swagoto ja‧na‧nO
welcoming
16
স্বাদ
swad
taste
17
শ্বশুর
shwo‧shur
father-in-law
18
বিশ্বাস করা
bish‧was ko‧ra
trust
19
বিশ্বাসঘাতক
bish‧was‧ghatok
traitor
Consonant + ব is pronounced as Consonant + bo in all other cases
Num
Bangla Word
Phonetic
English
1
লম্বা
lom‧ba
long
2
কম্বল
kom‧bol
blanket
When য (J) is the second letter in a Compound Consonant (J-Phola)
Consonant + য is pronounced as Consonant + Jo when first Consonant is য, র
Num
Bangla Word
Phonetic
English
1
আতিশয্য
atishoJ‧Jo
excess
2
সাহায্য
sa‧haJ‧Jo
aid; help
3
শয্যা
shoJ‧Ja
bed
4
কদর্য
ko‧dor‧Jo
repugnant
5
সূর্য
sUr‧Jo
sun
6
ধৈর্য্য
dhOIr‧JJo
patience
Consonant + য is pronounced as Consonant + Jo when Consonant is হ,
unless the হ is at the beginning of the word, in which case the য is pronounced as Yo
